Slot Effect
File: Slot Machine Sound Sound Effect Details: Slot Machine Sound Format:.WAV License: Personal Use Only Category: Sound Effect. Don't feel like waiting? Make a small donation to pay for our bandwidth and download all audio at 1x for fre. A leading-edge slot is a fixed aerodynamic feature of the wing of some aircraft to reduce the stall speed and promote good low-speed handling qualities. A leading-edge slot is a spanwise gap in each wing, allowing air to flow from below the wing to its upper surface.
A leading-edge slot is a fixed aerodynamic feature of the wing of some aircraft to reduce the stall speed and promote good low-speed handling qualities. A leading-edge slot is a spanwise gap in each wing, allowing air to flow from below the wing to its upper surface. In this manner they allow flight at higher angles of attack and thus reduce the stall speed.[1]
Purpose and development[edit]
At an angle of attack above about 15° many airfoils enter the stall. Modification of such an airfoil with a fixed leading-edge slot can increase the stalling angle to between 22° and 25°.[2]
Slots were first developed by Handley Page in 1919 and the first aircraft to fly with them was the experimental H.P.17, a modified Airco DH.9A. Their invention is credited jointly to Sir Frederick Handley Page and Gustav Lachmann. The first aircraft fitted with controllable slots was the Handley Page H.P.20. Licensing the design became one of Handley Page's major sources of income in the 1920s.[3]
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Similar, but retractable, leading-edge devices are called slats.[4] When the slat opens, it creates a slot between the slat and the remainder of the wing; retracted, the drag is reduced.
A fixed leading-edge slot can increase the maximum lift coefficient of an airfoil section by 40%. In conjunction with a slat, the increase in maximum lift coefficient can be 50% or even 60%.[2][5]
Unlike trailing edge flaps, leading-edge slots do not increase the lift coefficient at zero angle of attack since they do not alter the camber.[6]
Operation[edit]
A leading-edge slot is a fixed (non-closing) gap behind the wing's leading edge. Air from below the wing can accelerate through the slot towards the low pressure region above the wing, and exit from the slot moving parallel to the upper wing surface. This high-speed flow then mixes with the boundary layer attached to the upper surface and delays boundary layer separation from the upper surface.
Slots naturally exact a penalty on the aircraft in which they are used. This is because they contribute to drag compared to an unslotted wing.[7] The extra drag at low speed is acceptable because of the beneficial reduction in stall speed and improvement in handling characteristics, but at higher speeds the extra drag contributed by slots is a significant disadvantage because it reduces cruising speed and increases fuel consumption per unit distance flown.
One way to reduce the cruise drag of slots is to make them able to be closed. This arrangement is known as leading-edge slats. Aerodynamically, slats work in the same way as fixed slots but slats can be retracted at higher speeds when they are not needed. Slats, in turn, are heavier and more complex than slots.[4][7]
At low angles of attack the airflow through the slot is insignificant, although it contributes to drag. At progressively higher angles of attack, the flow of air through the slot becomes increasingly significant, accelerating from the higher pressure region below the wing to the lower pressure region on top of the wing. At high angles of attack the fastest airspeed relative to the airfoil is very close to the leading edge, on the upper surface. In this region of high local airspeed, skin friction (viscous force) is very high and the boundary layer arriving at the slot on the upper wing has lost much of its total pressure (or total mechanical energy) due to this friction. In contrast, the air passing through the slot has not experienced this high local airspeed or high skin friction, and its total pressure remains close to the free-stream value. The mixing of the upper surface boundary layer with air arriving through the slot re-energises the boundary layer which then remains attached to the upper surface of the wing to a higher angle of attack than if the slot were not there.[2] The leading-edge slot was therefore one of the earliest forms of boundary layer control.[2]
Application of leading-edge slots[edit]
Leading-edge slots are generally of two types: those that are full-span and those that are partial-span.[4]
Full-span slots are generally found on Short Take-off and Landing STOL aircraft like the Fieseler Storch, Dornier Do 27, PZL-104M Wilga 2000, and Zenair CH 701 STOL. Their primary purpose is to allow the aircraft to fly at a higher angle of attack before reaching the stalling angle.[8]
In aircraft other than specialist STOL aircraft, full-span slots have serious drawbacks because, to take advantage of the high angle of attack at the stall, they usually necessitate long undercarriage legs that either cause high drag or are longer than can be accommodated easily inside the airframe.[9]
Partial-span slots are usually found only on the outboard portion of the wing where they ensure airflow over that portion of the wing will remain unstalled at higher angles of attack than the inboard portions of the wing. This ensures the wing root stalls first and contributes to docile stall behaviour and maintaining aileron control throughout the stall.[2][4] Using slots in this manner produces a similar result to employing washout on a wing, but through a different means. Examples of aircraft with partial-span, fixed slots are the Stinson 108, Bristol Beaufort, Lockheed Hudson, and Dornier Do 28D-2 Skyservant.
See also[edit]
- Alula, a bird's biological equivalent to the leading-edge slot
References[edit]
- ^Kermode, A.C., Mechanics of Flight, Chapter 3
- ^ abcdeClancy, L.J., Aerodynamics, Section 6.9
- ^Centennial of FlightArchived 2012-10-10 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2008-02-19
- ^ abcdAviation Publishers Co. Limited, From the Ground Up, page 26 (27th revised edition) ISBN0-9690054-9-0
- ^Kermode, A.C., Mechanics of Flight, Figure 3.36
- ^Kermode, A.C., Mechanics of Flight, Figure 3.37
- ^ abAbbott and Von Doenhoff, Theory of Wing Sections, Section 8.6
- ^Crane, Dale: Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition, page 471. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. ISBN1-56027-287-2
- ^Kermode, A.C., Mechanics of Flight, Figures 6.6 and 6.7
- Ira H. Abbott, and Albert E. Von Doenhoff (1959), Theory of Wing Sections, Dover Publications Inc., New York SBN 486-60586-8
- Aviation Publishers Co Limited: From the Ground Up, Twenty-Seventh Revised Edition. Aviation Publishers Co Limited, 1996. ISBN0-9690054-9-0
- Clancy, L.J. (1975), Aerodynamics, Chapter 6 High Lift Devices, Pitman Publishing Limited, London ISBN0-273-01120-0
- Kermode, A.C. (1972), Mechanics of Flight, Chapter 3 Aerofoils – Subsonic Speeds (8th edition) Pitman Publishing Limited, London ISBN0-273-31623-0
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leading-edge slots. |
- 'Developments in Aircraft Design by the use of Slotted Wings' an article by Frederick Handley Page published in a 1921 issue of Flight
3
Slot Machine Types
Traditional slot machine sounds and two unique collections of digital slot machine sounds are included.
78
Sound Effects
Sound effects designed by top-tier sound designers who’ve spent decades in the industry.
1
Implementation Guide
Detailed developer instructions outlining use cases and background information for every asset.
By Professionals
File size, randomization, flawless loops, listener fatigue – we’ve kept all of these things in mind. We’ve made these kinds of games in the past, so we know what you’ll need to make your game sound professional. Plus, our slot machine sound effects will import perfectly into development platforms such as iOS, Android, Unity, Unreal, and more.
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Terms Used
Variations – These are sounds which may sound similar, but they are slightly different. Differences are in either speed, pitch, duration or some other slight variance, but they remain within the same sonic family.
Styles – These are different sounds of the same intention. For instance, a “win” sound could be a short musical cord that plays once. It could also be a longer more-complex musical melody that’s brighter with a wider score of instruments. They both serve as “win” sounds, in that they both will work to achieve the same result when triggered, they’re just different styles and can be applied to different circumstances. In this case, larger payouts could be associated with the more extravagant “win” sound, while smaller payouts could pair with the simple chord “win” sound.
Sweeteners – These are sound effects that sweeten the moment of excitement. They are added on top of other sound effects to create even more excitement, like an audience cheering while coins pour out. A lot of our sounds included can be layered to achieve this, as can be heard in our demo.
Lever Pull Sounds
0 variations, 3 styles
Three different manual pull-lever slot machine sounds. Assign these to different slot machine models to give them each a more unique feel.
3 Files
.wav ~85kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Coins Dispensing Sounds
0 variations, 1 style
This is the iconic sound of coins dispensing and hitting a metal collector from a slot machine. Perfect for both modern and digital slot machines.
2 Files
.wav ~125kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Mechanical Spin Sounds
0 variations, 4 styles
Three different manual pull-lever slot machine sounds. Assign these to different slot machine models to give them each a more unique feel.
3 Files
.wav ~71kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Digital Spin
0 variations, 1 style
This digital spin sound can be used for your digital slot machine as well as other spin-based mini games you may have within your game.
3 Files
.wav ~120kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Generic Spin Sounds
2 variations, 2 styles
Two additional spin styles each with an option for slow or fast speeds. Assign to various machines within your casino or different gameplay styles.
6 Files
.wav ~115kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Digital Win Sounds
0 variations, 3 styles
Payout sounds can loop a number of times depending on the payout. We recommend the total loop count be based on a multiplier of the total winnings.
6 Files
.wav ~104kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
UI Sounds
5 variations, 1 style
User interface sounds can be used to add bets, remove bets, start a new game, and provide negative feedback if someone cannot perform an action.
5 Files
.wav ~103kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Row Land Sounds
6 variations, 1 style
These are the sounds made when a slot machine row stops at a “winning” icon, like a cherry or “777”. These are intended to stack and play sequentially as rows stop and rewards are earned.
6 Files
.wav ~105kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Digital Spin
0 variations, 1 style
This digital spin sound can be used for your digital slot machine as well as other spin-based mini games you may have within your game.
3 Files
.wav ~115kb / ea.
Slot Effect Animation
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Generic Spin Sounds
2 variations, 2 styles
Two additional spin styles each with an option for slow or fast speeds. Assign to various machines within your casino or different gameplay styles.
6 Files
.wav ~112kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Digital Win Sounds
0 variations, 3 styles
Payout sounds can loop a number of times depending on the payout. We recommend the total loop count be based on a multiplier of the total winnings.
6 Files
.wav ~112kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
UI Sounds
5 variations, 1 style
User interface sounds can be used to add bets, remove bets, start a new game, and provide negative feedback if someone cannot perform an action.
5 Files
.wav ~91kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Row Land Sounds
6 variations, 1 style
These are the sounds made when a slot machine row stops at a “winning” icon, like a cherry or “777”. These are intended to stack and play sequentially as rows stop and rewards are earned.
6 Files
.wav ~107kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Casino Ambiances
3 variations, 1 style
Engulf players deeper and emulate the sounds of a real casino floor. With three levels of activity, these layered ambient sounds will feel like they came straight out of a Las Vegas casino.
3 Files
.wav ~895kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Win Sweeteners
3 variations, 1 style
These sound effects are intended to be played on top of regular payout sound effects to provide extra excitement, or for additional perks like bonuses, extra prizes, level ups, and more.
Effect Slot Menu Fl Studio
3 Files
.wav ~241kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono
Crowd Reactions
3 variations, 3 styles
Slot Effects Optc
Audience reactions sweeten the experience for wins, giant payouts, bonuses, and close calls. Six variations of positive audience cheers and excitement and three sympathetic loss sighs.
Slot Machine Effect Psychology
6 Files
.wav ~250kb / ea.
16-bit, 44.1kHz Mono